Passive Sentences

Hei hei hei, thank you again for visiting my blog and also waiting to read my next post. My next post today will be about Passive Sentence. Usually, object lies behind the verb. But, in common, we do usually put object in front of verb to state that the object is really matter on the sentence. That's why we need to use Passive Sentence to say it. So get prepared, and here we go! :D

• Definition 

A sentence is written in active sentence when the subject of the sentence performs the action in the sentence.

[Subject] + [To be] + [Ving] + [Object]

A sentence is written in passive sentence when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by someone or something else.

[Object] + [To be] + [Verb3] + [by Subject]

• Characteristics

Active Sentences :

    1)  Subjeknya sebagai pelaku.

    2)  Predikatnya berawalan me- atau ber-

Passive sentences :

    1)  Subjeknya sebagai penderita.

    2)  Predikatnya berawalan di-, ter-, atau ter- kan-.

Example :

1)  Active : Amel wrote a story.

     Passive : A story was written by Amel.

2)  Active : Someone stolen Wiwid’s bike.

     Passive : Wiwid’s bike was stolen.

3)  Active : Everyone painted the building.

     Passive : The building was painted.

• FORMULA OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES IN PRESENT TENSE

Simple Present Tense

Active : S + V1 (s/es) + O , comp.

Passive : O + To Be (am, is, are) + V3 + by S + comp.

Active : Dio helps Gita to clean classroom.

Passive : Gita is helped by Dio to clean classroom.

Present Continous Tenses

Active     : S + To Be + Ving+ O, comp.

Passive   : O + To Be (am, is, are) + Being + V3 + by S + comp.

Active     : Henny is reading novel “Perahu Kertas”.

Passive   : Nouvelle “Perahu Kertas” is being read by Henny.

Present Perfect Tense

Active    : S + has/have + V3 + O, comp.

Passive  : O + has/have + been + V3 + by S + comp.

Active    : Jefry has bought an eyeglasses in the shop

Passive   : An eyeglasses has been bought by Jefry in the shop.

Present  Perfect Continous  Tense

Active   : S + has/have + been + Ving + O, comp.

Passive : O + has/have+ been + being + V3 + by S + comp.

Active   : Susi has been finishing the mathematic task carefully.

Passive : The mathematic task has been being finished by Susi carefully.

• FORMULA OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES IN PAST TENSE

Simple Past Tense

Active   : S + V2 + O, comp.

Passive : O + To Be (was, were) + V3 + by S + comp.

Active   : Dewi waited Cindy for two hours.

Passive : Cindy was waited by Dewi for two hours.

Past Continous Tense

Active    : S + To Be(was, were) + Ving + O, comp.

Passive  : O+ To Be (was, were) + being + V3 + by S + comp.

Active    : Deriven was Studying matemathic yesterday.

Passive  : Matemathic was being studied by Deriven yesterday.

Past Perfect Tense

Active    : S + HAD + V3 + O, comp.

Passive  :O + Had + been + V3 + by S + comp.

Active    : Agnes had met Evelin, Devy, and Febrina

Passive  : Evelin, Devy, and Febrina had been met by Agnes

Past Perfect Continous Tense

Active     : S + had been+ving + O, comp.

Passive   : O + had+been +being + V3 + by S + comp.

Passive  : The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Juna for two years before he moved to Paris.

Active    : Chef Juna had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.

• FORMULA OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCE IN FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future Tense

Active   :  S + WILL + V1 + O, comp.

Passive :  O+ WILL BE + V3 + by S + comp.

Active   :  Amel will sing a song to Tianie and Manda.

Passive :  A song  will be sung by Amel to Tianie and Manda.

Future Continous Tense

Active   : S + WILL BE+ V1 + ING + O, comp.

Passive : O + WILL BE + BEING + V3 + by S + comp.

Active   : At 7:00 PM tonight, Alfred  and Wage will be playing futsal .

Passive : At 7:00 PM tonight, Futsal will be being  played by Alfred and Wage.

Future Perfect Tense

Active    : S + WILL HAVE+V3 + O, comp.

Passive  : O + WILL HAVE + BEEN + V3 + by S + comp.

Active    : Susi and Dewi will have completed the English task before the deadline.

Passive  : The English task will have been completed by Susi and Dewi before the deadline.

Future Perfect Continous

Active     : S +WILL HAVE BEEN+VING + O, comp.

Passive   : O + WILL HAVE + BEEN + BEING + V3 + by S + comp

Active     : Lidya will have been studying biology at SMA for three years.

Passive   : Biology will have been being studied by Lidya at SMA for three years.

• FORMULA OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES IN PAST FUTURE TENSE

Past Future Tense

Active    : S +WOULD + VERB 1 + O, comp.

Passive  : O + WOULD BE+ V3 + by S + comp.

Active    : Karen would try Timothy’s bicycle yesterday.

Passive  :  Timothy’s bicycle would be tried by Karen yesterday.

Past Future Continous Tense

Active     : S +WOULD BE+VING + O, comp.

Passive   : O + WOULD BE + BEING + V3 + by S + comp.

Active     : Dewi would be meeting with Susi.

Passive   : Susi would be being met by Dewi.

Past Future Perfect Tense

Active     : S +WOULD HAVE + V3 + O, comp.

Passive   : O+ WOULD HAVE + BEEN + V3 + by S + comp.

Active     : Putri would have called Daus.

Passive   : Daus would have been called by Putri.

Past Future Perfect Continous Tense

Active    : S +WOULD HAVE +BEEN+VING + O, comp.

Passive  : O + WILL HAVE + BEEN + BEING + V3 + by S + comp.

Active    : Khanding would have been riding  Shindya’s bicycle.

Passive  : Shindya’s bicycle will have been being ridden by Khanding

• MODALS

Active   : S +MODALS + V1+ O, comp.

Passive : O + MODALS BE+ V3 + by S + comp.

Active   : Ade  will meet JKT 48 1^st Generation.

Passive : JKT 48 1^st Generation will be  met  by Ade.

*Note : Modal >> Can, may, will, shall, have to, could, should, would, might.

There you go! Easy, isn't it ??? Great Job! See you on the next topic guys !
Last but  not least, as usual, QUOTE FOR TODAY !!!

BE YOURSELF ! :D

Direct Indirect Speech

Incredible day to learn something new? Absolutely! New post new post !
Sometimes, there's a direct information whether when we are talking to each other or may be an announcement spoken by the teachers in the school through microphone, not all of people around us usually get the point, in other word they need to be re-informed about the issue. As a good friend, we make a better life by helping them to repeat the information using our new coming soon skill, Direct Indirect Speech! Okay, no more words from  me, have a great learning! :)

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)

Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example:

She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations." Or "Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.

When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

or example:

Direct speech	Indirect speech
"I'm going to the cinema", he said.	He said he was going to the cinema.

Tense change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

Direct speech		Indirect speech
Present simple She said, "It's cold."	›	Past simple  She said it was cold.
Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English online."	›	Past continuous  She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."	›	Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."	›	Past perfect continuous  She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday."	›	Past perfect  She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier."	›	Past perfect continuous  She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."	›	Past perfect  NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."	›	Past perfect continuous  NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech		Indirect speech
will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."	›	would She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can She said, "I can teach English online."	›	could She said she could teach English online.
must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."	›	had to  She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall She said, "What shall we learn today?"	›	should She asked what we should learn today.
may She said, "May I open a new browser?"	›	might She asked if she might open a new browser.

Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.

Direct speech	Indirect speech
"I might go to the cinema", he said.	He said he might go to the cinema.

You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne so:-

Direct speech	Indirect speech
"My name is Lynne", she said.	She said her name was Lynne. or She said her name is Lynne.

You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.

Direct speech (exact quote)	Indirect speech (not exact)
"Next week's lesson is on reported speech ", she said.	She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.

Time change

If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.

For example we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting.

Today	+ 24 hours - Indirect speech
"Today's lesson is on presentations."	She said yesterday's lesson was on presentations.

Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening)	›	that (evening)
today	›	yesterday ...
these (days)	›	those (days)
now	›	then
(a week) ago	›	(a week) before
last weekend	›	the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here	›	there
next (week)	›	the following (week)
tomorrow	›	the next/following day

In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it you must change the place (here) to the place (there).

For example:-

At work	At home
"How long have you worked here?"	She asked me how long I'd worked there.

Pronoun change

In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.

For example:

Me	You
"I teach English online."	She said she teaches English online.

Reporting Verbs

Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used in indirect speech.

We use asked to report questions:-

For example: I asked Lynne what time the lesson started.

We use told with an object.

For example: Lynne told me she felt tired.

!Note - Here me is the object.

We usually use said without an object.

For example: Lynne said she was going to teach online.

If said is used with an object we must include to ;

For example: Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China.

Note - We usually use told.

For example: Lynne told me that she'd never been to China.

There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked.

These include:

accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought.

Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative.

For example:

He asked me to come to the party:-

He invited me to the party.

He begged me to come to the party.

He ordered me to come to the party.

He advised me to come to the party.

He suggested I should come to the party.

Use of 'That' in reported speech

In reported speech, the word that is often used.

For example: He told me that he lived in Greenwich.

However, that is optional.

For example: He told me he lived in Greenwich.

Note - That is never used in questions, instead we often use if.

For example: He asked me if I would come to the party.

Are you tired already? Don't be! Cause you are now a good inform-er ! :D Congratulations!
As the present for me, here is your QUOTE FOR TODAY !

Narrative Text

Hello Guys! Did you remember that our parents (not all of them) often read some bedtime stories for us? Yes, and sometimes we acted like the character in the story. Amazing isn't it? How a story can influences us to be just like what it was told. Great moral value, sometimes tearing apart, and smashing plots? Okay okay, now we're going to deeply learn about "the real story". Proudly present, Narrative Text :D

1. Definition

Narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain readers. Other function of narrative text is for education.

2. Generic Structure

• Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters, setting and time of the story are established.
• Complication : When the problems in the story arise an involves main character.
• Resolution : The problems are solved (better or worse).

3. Language Features

• Use past form tenses.
• Use indirect speech.
• Use noun phrase.
• Use time connectives and conjunctions.
• Use adverbs and adverbial phrase.
• Use imagery.
• Use action verbs.
• Use saying verbs.
• Use thinking verbs, feeling verb, and verbs of senses.

4. Kinds of Narrative Text

• Myth is a story made up to explain something that people believe (such as how the earth was made) or something in nature (such as thunder or lightning) with no proof.
• Legend is story about the extraordinary deeds that real people or story characters (who might have been real people) are supposed to have performed.
• Fable is a fictional tale involving animal characters.
• Fairy Tales are stories that tell of miraculous and fantastic happenings. The main character in fairy tales are often supernatural and can do all sorts of extraordinary things.
• Folklore is a tale that is inherited from a generation to next generation.

5. Examples of Narrative Text

The Legend of Sura and Baya

   A long time ago, there were two animals, Sura and Baya. Sura was the name of a shark and Baya was a crocodile. They lived in a sea.
   Once Sura and Baya were looking for some food. Suddenly, Baya saw a goat.
“Yummy, this is my lunch,” said Baya.
“No way! This is my lunch. You are greedy” said Sura. Then they fought for the goat. After several hours, they were very tired.
   Feeling tired of fighting, they lived in the different places. Sura lived in the water and Baya lived in the land. The border was the beach, so they would never fight again.
   One day, Sura went to the land and looked for some food in the river. He was very hungry and there was not much food in the sea. Baya was very angry when he knew that Sura broke the promise.
   They fought again. They both hit each other. Sura bit Baya's tail. Baya did the same thing to Sura. He bit very hard until Sura finally gave up and Awent back to the sea. Baya was happy.

 Malin Kundang

A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin Kundang had to live hard with his mother.
Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fish in the town.
One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates. The merchant was so happy and thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone.
Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; “Malin Kundang has become rich and now he is here”.
An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundang’s mother. She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full of both sadness and angriness.
Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail.
Suddenly, a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly, he turned into a stone.

There you go, before leaving this blog, take a look at QUOTE FOR TODAY ! Cheers :D

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